Yintoni Oyaziyo Ngamanqaku Aphambili Okulima oojongilanga?

Ujongilanga luhlobo lukajongilanga kwintsapho yaseAsteraceae, eligama libizwa ngokuba yi-sunflower flower, sunflower, sunflower, sunflower, sunflower.Uninzi lwabantu lutye imbewu ye-sunflower, ekhuliswa yi-sunflower, ungakanani owaziyo malunga neengongoma eziphambili zokukhula kwe-sunflower?Umthengisi wembewu kajongilanga olandelayo uya kwazisa amanqaku aphambili okulima oojongilanga.

Oojongilanga bazalelwa eMzantsi Melika, bafuywa yiSpanish ngo-1510 ukusuka kuMntla Melika ukuya eYurophu, ekuqaleni ukuze kusetyenziswe ukuhlobisa.Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwaye yaziswa emva kuMntla Melika ukusuka eRashiya.Ziyalinywa eTshayina.Imbewu yejongilanga ibizwa ngokuba yimbewu kajongilanga kwaye idla ngokuqhotyiswa kwaye ityiwe njenge-snack, emnandi.

1. Oojongilanga bathanda ukukhula kuluphi uhlobo lomhlaba?

Kwiindawo ezininzi ujongilanga ulinywa kumhlaba onetyuwa, onesanti nowomileyo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba unoxhathiso kakhulu kwaye uneendleko eziphezulu kunezinye izityalo.Nangona ujongilanga engenazo iimfuneko ezingqongqo zomhlaba, unokukhula kuzo zonke iindidi zomhlaba, ukusuka kumhlaba ochumileyo ukuya kumhlaba owomileyo, ongachumiyo nonetyuwa.Nangona kunjalo, amandla okunyusa izivuno mkhulu xa kulinywe kumasimi anomaleko onzulu, umthamo ophezulu we-humus, isakhiwo esihle kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwesichumisi.Izivuno ezingcono kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu zoqoqosho zinokufumaneka.

2. Yintoni i-dormancy yembewu kajongilanga?

Kwimeko yembewu kajongilanga yeoli, i-dormancy idla ngokuba yi-20 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-50 emva kokuvuna.I-Dormancy ibalulekile ngokwebhayoloji njengoko ivumela imbewu ukuba ihlale 'ilele' kude kube lixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhlwayela.Ukuntshula kunokuphetshwa kwidiskhi ngexesha lokuvuna lokuvuthwa kwembewu, nokuba kukho imozulu eqhubekayo yokunetha.Le dormancy iya kudlula ngokwemvelo emva kwesivuno salo nyaka kunye nexesha elilandelayo lokuhlwayela.Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo apho imbewu esandul' ukuvunwa isetyenziselwa ukutyala okanye umsebenzi wophando, ukulala kunokophulwa ngesandla.Ngokuqhelekileyo, imbewu ifakwe kwisisombululo se-50 ukuya kwi-100 micrograms / ml ye-ethylene glycol kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 kwaye ihlume phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.I-Gibberellin nayo iluncedo ekuphuleni i-dormancy kwimbewu ye-sunflower ene-oilseed.

3. Ziziphi iimeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo ukulinywa kukajongilanga?

Ujongilanga sisityalo esithanda ubushushu kunye nesityalo esinyamezelayo kubanda esikwaziyo ukumelana neemeko zemozulu.Xa iqondo lobushushu bomhlaba kumaleko omhlaba (0-20 cm) lifikelela ku-2°C, imbewu iqalisa ukuntshula, i-4-6°C ingantshula kwaye i-8-10°C ingasetyenziselwa ukukhula kwezithole.Ukongeza, ukuhluma kwezithole kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nomgangatho wembewu, ukufuma, ioksijini kunye nokwakheka kunye nokwakheka komhlaba.

Ujongilanga oyile ngokubanzi ukusuka kwizithole ukuya ekuvuthweni kufuneka ≥ 5 ℃ ubushushu obusebenzayo bongezeleka malunga ne-1700 ℃;Ujongilanga otyiwayo ukusuka kwizithole ukuya ekuvuthweni kufuneka ≥ 5 ℃ ubushushu obusebenzayo bongezeleka malunga ne-1900 ℃.